Ambient - Correct. Remember light is like lots of little rays, so it doesn't literally surround it like a gas, it more correctly hits the object from no particular direction. All light does have a source, so this light is more like second-hand light. Remember that as it bounces around it will change color/wavelength depending on what it has reflected from.
Primary - Correct. Main light. Could be sun. Could be lightbulb right above you.
Secondary - Correct. Just like a primary light, but not as strong and in a different location, usually used to create effects such as colored back lighting on objects. This can create strong moods and atmosphere in your art
Color - ill move this under the other 3
Luminosity - Nearly. Goes from black to the full strength of a specific color. To go to white we will need...
Saturation - The intensity of a color (grey -> color). White actually has no color in it, so it requires dropping saturation to achieve the spectrum from full intensity of a color to white. high saturation colors will burn your eyeballs out, low saturation colors will give you depression.
Hue - The actual wavelength of a color... Red, Blue, Green - these are descriptors of hues... but as we have shown there is more to a color than a hue...
Color - A complete combination of Hue, Saturation and Luminosity
you were correct with both, except the glass example while usually having more highlights oftentimes this is the result of an effect called refraction.
all clear? ready to proceed?