Glow and a comparison image of glow and no glow (5 second intervals):
This isn't exactly how I'd do it, but the idea is this:
Inside the area you want to "glow" you need to add two similar colours at pretty much maximum saturation. Use the darker one around the edges and the lighter inside (pillow shading). This gives an effect of overexposure if I'm not mistaken. To add to the effect, increase the brightness of the pixels right next to your glowing object (including outlines). In this example I only changed the hue of the colours around most of the areas, but yellow has a higher effective brightness than blue, so it worked. Again this is to force the feeling of overexposure.
In games they call this bloom I'm pretty sure.
I had to add 4 colours. Which makes me a bad person.
Play around with stuff like this to see what happens when you put pixels of different hues and saturations (and obviously values) next to one another.
I liked this edit of yours. It's the closest you have to a clean piece, but I agree with Manupix - more contrast still.