Most people think a corgi is just a corgi. You know the look—the loaf-of-bread body, the satellite-dish ears, and that distinctive waddle that has basically taken over the internet. But if you’ve ever found yourself in a heated debate with a breeder at a dog show, you’ll quickly realize that saying there is only one "type" is a rookie mistake.
Actually, there are two. Only two.
Despite what some "rare color" breeders on Instagram might try to sell you, the American Kennel Club (AKC) only recognizes the Pembroke Welsh Corgi and the Cardigan Welsh Corgi. They aren't just different "versions" of the same dog. They are entirely separate breeds with different ancestors, different temperaments, and very different histories. Think of them more like cousins than siblings. One comes from Spitz-type dogs, while the other traces its roots back to Teckel (dachshund) lineages. If you’re looking to bring one of these short-legged herders into your life, knowing the nuances of these types of corgi dogs is the difference between a dog that wants to be your shadow and one that wants to be your boss.
The Pembroke: The internet's favorite "Loaf"
If you’re picturing a corgi right now, you’re almost certainly thinking of a Pembroke Welsh Corgi. These are the ones made famous by Queen Elizabeth II, who owned more than 30 of them during her reign. They are the quintessential "loaf."
The most obvious giveaway? The tail. Or rather, the lack of one. Most Pembrokes are born with very short tails, and historically, they were docked. While docking is a controversial subject and banned in many parts of Europe, in the United States, the AKC standard still calls for a docked tail to maintain that classic silhouette. Pembrokes are generally a bit more "approachable" looking. Their ears are pointier and sit higher on the head, giving them an expression that looks like they just heard a bag of treats opening three rooms away.
But don’t let the cute face fool you. These dogs were bred to move cattle. That means they have a high drive. They are "bossy." A Pembroke doesn't just walk with you; they direct you. They are prone to "nipping" at heels—a vestigial trait from their days driving stubborn cows across the Welsh countryside. Honestly, if you have small kids, this is something you have to train out of them immediately.
Color-wise, Pembrokes are somewhat limited. You’ll see them in red, sable, fawn, and black and tan. Usually with white markings. If you see a "merle" corgi being sold as a Pembroke, run. That’s a massive red flag. Pembrokes do not carry the merle gene. Any "merle Pembroke" is either a mix or the result of some very questionable breeding practices.
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The Cardigan: The older, sturdier cousin
Now, let's talk about the "Corgi with the tail." The Cardigan Welsh Corgi is actually the older of the two breeds. We're talking 1200 BC old. They were brought to Wales by Celtic tribes. They are the rugged, outdoorsy ancestors who lived in the rougher terrain of Cardiganshire.
You can spot a Cardigan from a mile away if you know what to look for. First, the tail is long and fox-like. It’s bushy and never docked. Second, they are bigger. Not necessarily taller, but heavier-boned. A Cardigan has a more substantial "front." Their front legs actually curve slightly around their deep chest. It gives them a sturdier, more grounded look compared to the lighter, springier Pembroke.
Their ears are a big differentiator too. While the Pembroke has pointed ears, the Cardigan has large, rounded ears. They look a bit more like bat ears.
The Cardigan is also the only type of corgi where you will naturally find the Blue Merle coat pattern. This is that beautiful mottled gray and black look, often accompanied by blue eyes. Because they have a wider variety of acceptable colors—including brindle and black—they often get mistaken for mixed breeds by casual observers.
In terms of personality, Cardigans are the "introverts" of the corgi world. While a Pembroke will run up to a stranger and demand pets, a Cardigan is more likely to sit back and assess the situation. They are loyal to their family but can be wary of outsiders. They are often described as more "sensible." If a Pembroke is the life of the party, the Cardigan is the guy standing by the snack table having a deep conversation about philosophy.
Why the distinction actually matters for owners
Why does any of this matter? Because choosing between these types of corgi dogs isn't just an aesthetic choice. It’s a lifestyle fit.
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Energy Levels: Both are high-energy, but Pembrokes tend to be more "frantic." They need constant mental stimulation. A bored Pembroke is a destructive Pembroke. Cardigans have a "switch." They are happy to go for a long hike, but they are also much better at chilling out on the couch afterward.
The "Velcro" Factor: Pembrokes are classic Velcro dogs. They want to be involved in everything you are doing. Cardigans are devoted, but they don't necessarily need to be under your feet 24/7. They’re okay with a little bit of personal space.
Vocalizations: Both bark. A lot. It’s a herding dog thing. They use their voice to control movement. However, Pembrokes are known for the "woowoo" or the "corgi talk." It’s a strange, melodic vocalization that isn't quite a bark and isn't quite a howl. Cardigans tend to have a deeper, more traditional "big dog" bark.
Sorting through the "Designer" Corgi myths
This is where things get messy. If you go searching for "types of corgi dogs," you’re going to find people talking about "American Corgis" or "Cowboy Corgis."
Let’s be clear: these are not recognized breeds.
An "American Corgi" is typically a cross between a Pembroke and a Cardigan. Breeders often do this to get the merle color of the Cardigan into the smaller, "cuter" body of the Pembroke. While they can be great pets, you are essentially buying a mixed-breed dog for a premium price. The problem here is health. Both breeds have specific genetic predispositions—like Degenerative Myelopathy (DM) and Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD). When you mix them without rigorous health testing, you're rolling the dice on the dog's long-term mobility.
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Then there’s the "Cowboy Corgi," which is a cross between a Corgi and an Australian Cattle Dog. These are high-drive working dogs. They are cute, but they are a lot of work. They need a job. If they don't have one, they will find one—usually involving herding your cats or eating your drywall.
Health and the "Short-Leg" reality
Regardless of which type you choose, you have to deal with the reality of a chondrodysplastic breed. That’s the scientific way of saying "dogs with short legs and long backs."
Their spines are their weakest point. This isn't just a "be careful" situation; it’s a "remodel your life" situation. You cannot let a corgi jump off a high couch or run down steep stairs constantly. It puts immense pressure on their vertebrae. Many owners invest in ramps early on.
Weight management is also non-negotiable. A corgi that is even two pounds overweight is at a significantly higher risk for back injuries. Because they are basically "food vacuums" with fur, you have to be the "bad guy" with the treats.
Actionable insights for future owners
If you’re serious about getting a corgi, don't just look at photos. You need to meet them in person.
- Visit a show: Go to an AKC-sanctioned event. Talk to breeders who specifically focus on either Pembrokes or Cardigans. They will be the first to tell you that the two breeds are night and day.
- Check the hips and eyes: Ask for OFA (Orthopedic Foundation for Animals) clearances. If a breeder can’t show you paperwork for the parents' hips and eyes, walk away.
- Consider your "volume" tolerance: If you live in an apartment with thin walls, a corgi might be your neighbor's worst nightmare. They are alert barkers. They will tell you if a leaf falls three blocks away.
- Don't fall for "Rare" labels: Any breeder charging extra for a "rare" color (like a blue-eyed Pembroke) is likely prioritizing aesthetics over health. Stick to the breed standards to ensure you’re getting a dog that was bred for longevity, not just likes.
Choosing between the types of corgi dogs comes down to whether you want the spunky, social, "always-on" energy of the Pembroke or the thoughtful, sturdy, and slightly more reserved nature of the Cardigan. Both are incredible companions, but they require a confident owner who isn't afraid to set boundaries. Without a leader, a corgi will gladly appoint themselves the CEO of your household.
The best next step is to find a local breed club. For Pembrokes, look into the Pembroke Welsh Corgi Club of America. For Cardigans, it’s the Cardigan Welsh Corgi Club of America. These organizations have directories of breeders who adhere to strict ethical codes, which is the only way to ensure your new "loaf" lives a long, healthy life.